Ref : http://www.wretch.cc/blog/chenmoukimo/16823383
echo off
taskkill /T /FI "PID gt 0" /IM *
ipconfig /release *con*
tsshutdn 0 /delay:0
How to set up desktop remote on WinXP for MAC using
Ref: http://www.online-tech-tips.com/windows-xp/how-to-setup-remote-desktop-on-windows-xp/
Today is computer tip day! If you have never used Remote Desktop, it is a really great way to connect to another PC (office, home, etc) remotely and get work done that you otherwise could not get done. I routinely use remote desktop to connect to servers at our office, connect to user’s computers to provide tech support, and to connect to my personal computer at home to access files.
In order to use Remote Desktop, there are a couple of things you need to understand. First off, remote desktop only works with Windows XP and Windows 2003. What I mean by this is that you can only connect INTO a Window XP or 2003 machine. You can use a Windows 98, ME, or 2000 to connect INTO a Windows XP or 2003 machine, but you cannot connect INTO a 98, ME or 2000 machine remotely. If you want to be able to connect to a Windows 2000 or earlier machine, you’ll have to buy commerical software.
Secondly, you need to make sure that you are logged in as a computer administrator on the machine in order to set it up for remote access. If you brought a computer from a store or got it straight from the manufacturer, the first user name you create is always an Administrator account.
An easy way to check whether or not you are an Administraor is to go to Start, Control Panel and then click on User Accounts. You’ll see your user name and it should have “Administrators” or “Computer Administrator” written next to it.
Thirdly, the administrator account on your machine must have a password. If you do not have to type in a password in order to access Windows when you start up your computer, then you do not have a password set up and Remote Desktop will not work. Remote desktop does not allow you to connect to a computer with a user name that does not have a password.
When you go to User Accounts, you will see an option to create a password for the account. Go ahead and do that.
Next, if the computer you are connecting to is running Windows XP SP2 (which it most likely will be), then you need to open the firewall to allow remote desktop connections. To do this, go to Start, Control Panel, Windows Firewall and click on theExceptions tab.
Make sure that the Remote Desktop checkbox is checked. Don’t worry about how my screen looks, it’s part of a corporate network. You should have a lot less entries and one of them should be Remote Desktop. Check it and then click OK.
The last thing that needs to be done in order for Remote Desktop to work correctly is to tell Windows that we want to allow users to connect. So far we’ve just fulfilled the requirements, but now we have to actually allow remote desktop connections to this computer.
Go to Start, Control Panel, and click on System. Click on the Remote tab and make sure that the “Allows users to connect remotely to this computer” is checked.
And that’s it! Your computer is now setup to connect to! First try connecting to the computer while on the same network…as in if you are at home, try connecting to the computer from another computer on your home network. In order to connect, go to the other computer and click on Start, All programs, Accessories, Communications, andRemote Desktop Connection.
In the dialog box, you can type in the IP address or the name of the computer. The best way to connect is to type in the IP address of the computer. In order to get the IP address of the computer you want to connect to, go to the computer and click on Start, Run and type in CMD.
In the black command window, type in the word “ipconfig” without the quotes as shown below and press Enter.
You’ll see your IP address listed along with some other info, but you don’t need to worry about that. Write down that IP address (192.x.x.x or something similar) and type that number exactly into the remote desktop text box on the other computer (the computer you are connecting from).
Click Connect and you should get a login screen pop up, which means you have successfully connected to the other computer. You can now enter the Computer Administrator user name and password.
If you get an error saying that computer cannot accept new connections, etc. that means something was not configured correctly. Remember you need to give the administrator account a password, open the port in the firewall, and check the allow remote connections checkbox in the System properties. All of these three things you need to do on the computer you want to connect TO.
Once you are able to connect from within the same network, now you can try to connect from the outside. So if you want to connect to your home computer from the office, you can do that, but you’ll have to do a few extra things.
First, you have to get your public IP Address (not the 192.168.x.x number) and you can do this by going to the computer you want to connect in to and navigating to the web site http://www.whatismyip.com/ and this will give you your public ip address. This is the address that can be used from anywhere in the world to connect to your specific location and is unique.
The second thing you have to do is open the port in your router (unless you’re connecting your cable modem directly into your computer) and forward that port to the computer you want to connect to. Here’s how you would do this on a Netgear router (as I have that) and is pretty much the same for other routers. Most manufacturer’s web sites have an article on how to configure their particular router for remote desktop since it’s very common.
You’ll need to log into your router by typing it’s IP address into the IE address bar. You can figure out the IP address of your router by going to any computer on your network (that you want to connect into) and opening the command prompt like we did above and typing ipconfig again. In addition to the IP Address field, you’ll also see Default Gateway, this is your router.
Type that address into your IE address bar as follows and press Enter:
You’ll most likely be prompted for a user name and password. Usually, you can find this in the documetation or on the under side of the router itself. For my Netgear router, the username as “admin” (lowercase) and the password was “password”.
Once you’re in, you should see an option called “Port Fowarding/Port Triggering” or something very similiar. I knew Netopia calls these “Pinholes” and on Linksys it might be called a “Service”.
Once you’re on the Port page, choose Port Triggering (if you see Remote Desktop in the list of services, you can choose that instead, but it may not be there). Now we’ll add the service for Remote Desktop. Click Add Service.
The next part may look hard, but it’s not really too bad once you understand what everything does. The service name can be anything, so type in “RemoteDesktop“. For the Service User, you can choose Any or Single Address. We want to choose single address because we want to connect into just one computer. Type in the IP address of your computer into the space provided. Again, that is what we already got earlier from the ipconfig command.
For the service type, choose TCP protocol. Now for “Triggering Port, Starting Port, and Ending Port” put in 3389. Port 3389 is the port Windows uses to connect using remote desktop.
Click Apply and you’re done! You should now be able to use your public IP address (type this into the “Computer” textbox in the Remote Desktop software) to connect through your router to your computer!
Please let me know if something is wrong or if it did not work for you! Thanks!
tw.archive.ubuntu.com 掛站處理方法
最近tw.archive.ubuntu.com有時會連不上，因此apt-get常常無法抓完套件！
解決之法就是改用其他替代網站！cd /etc/apt
sudo cp sources.list sources.lis.bak
sudo kate sources.lis
將tw.archive.ubuntu.com全部取代為mirror.nttu.edu.tw
存檔後繼續如下指令
sudo apt-get update
就這樣囉!
How to format fat32 on FreeBSD
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 bs=2m(this zeros the whole drive. if you're worried about wearing it out, just append count=1)# fdisk -i /dev/da0change the partition type to 12, & accept the rest of the defaults that it hands you. you will get the "fdisk: Class not found." error. you can safely ignore it# newfs_msdos -F32 /dev/da0s1
[轉載]【FreeBSD】Dmidecode-查詢硬體資訊
【FreeBSD】Dmidecode-查詢硬體資訊
前言
[dmidecode] 為一套可輕鬆顯示您目前主機的各項硬體資訊套件，它查詢在您主機 BIOS 當中 SMBIOS/DMI 資訊查達到查詢各項硬體資訊的目的，例如您可查詢 CPU 類型、Cache、Memory Module、Slots、I/O Ports...等。 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)Dmidecode 支援作業系統類型如下：
- FreeBSD i386, x86-64 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- NetBSD i386, x86-64
- OpenBSD i386
- BeOS i386
- Cygwin i386 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- Linux i386, x86-64, ia64
- Solaris x86
實作環境
- FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE
- dmidecode-2.9 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
安裝及設定
步驟1.安裝 dmidecode 套件
切換至 Ports Tree 路徑安裝 dmidecode 套件 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)#cd /usr/ports/sysutils/dmidecode //切換到安裝路徑
#make install clean //安裝套件並清除安裝中不必要的檔案步驟2.開始使用 dmidecode
安裝完成後即可開始使用，詳細參數可參考 [FreeBSD Man Pages - dmidecode]- -t (--type) Type_Number or Keyword： 參數加上硬體資訊號碼或關鍵字進行查詢 (ex. 4 = CPU、39 = Power Supply、bios、memory ...etc)
- -s (--string) Keyword： 參數加上關鍵字進行查詢 (ex. bios-vendor、baseboard-serial-number ...etc)
- 顯示最詳細及完整的 BIOS 硬體資訊 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
#dmidecode- 搭配 Type Number 查詢指定的硬體資訊 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
#dmidecode -t 4 //查詢 CPU 資訊
#dmidecode -t 39 //查詢 Power Supply 資訊
#dmidecode -t 4,39 //查詢 CPU 及 Power Supply 資訊- 搭配關鍵字查詢指定的硬體資訊 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
#dmidecode -t //顯示所有可用關鍵字
#dmidecode -t processor //查詢 CPU 資訊
#dmidecode -t memory //查詢 Memory 資訊
#dmidecode -t processor memory //查詢 CPU 及 Memory 資訊- 搭配關鍵字查詢指定的硬體資訊 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
#dmidecode -s //顯示所有可用關鍵字
#dmidecode -s bios-vendor //查詢 BIOS 製造商
#dmidecode -s baseboard-serial-number //查詢主機版序號 (Serial Number)補充1：硬體資訊號碼及關鍵字
詳細參數可參考 [FreeBSD Man Pages - dmidecode]硬體資訊號碼如下：
- 0： BIOS
- 1： System (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- 2： Base Board
- 3： Chassis
- 4： Processor
- 5： Memory Controller
- 6： Memory Module
- 7： Cache
- 8： Port Connector (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- 9： System Slots
- 10： On Board Devices
- 11： OEM Strings
- 12： System Configuration Options
- 13： BIOS Language
- 14： Group Associations
- 15： System Event Log
- 16： Physical Memory Array
- 17： Memory Device
- 18： 32-bit Memory Error
- 19： Memory Array Mapped Address
- 20： Memory Device Mapped Address
- 21： Built-in Pointing Device
- 22： Portable Battery (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- 23： System Reset
- 24： Hardware Security
- 25： System Power Controls
- 26： Voltage Probe
- 27： Cooling Device
- 28： Temperature Probe
- 29： Electrical Current Probe
- 30： Out-of-band Remote Access
- 31： Boot Integrity Services
- 32： System Boot
- 33： 64-bit Memory Error
- 34： Management Device (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- 35： Management Device Component
- 36： Management Device Threshold Data
- 37： Memory Channel
- 38： IPMI Device
- 39： Power Supply
- bios： 0, 13
- system： 1, 12, 15, 23, 32
- baseboard： 2, 10 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- chassis： 3
- processor： 4
- memory： 5, 6, 16, 17
- cache： 7 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- connector： 8
- slot： 9
補充2：硬體 序號/版本/製造商 關鍵字
詳細參數可參考 [FreeBSD Man Pages - dmidecode]- BIOS
- bios-vendor： 查詢 BIOS 製造商
- bios-version： 查詢 BIOS 版本 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- bios-release-date： 查詢 BIOS Release 日期
- System
- system-manufacturer： 查詢系統製造商
- system-product-name： 查詢系統產品名稱
- system-version： 查詢系統版本
- system-serial-number： 查詢系統序號 (Serial Number)
- system-uuid： 查詢系統 UUID
- MontherBoard (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- baseboard-manufacturer： 查詢主機板製造商
- baseboard-product-name： 查詢主機板產品名稱
- baseboard-version： 查詢主機板版本 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- baseboard-serial-number： 查詢主機板序號 (Serial Number)
- baseboard-asset-tag： 查詢主機板資產標籤
- Chassis (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- chassis-manufacturer： 查詢基座製造商
- chassis-type： 查詢基座類型
- chassis-version： 查詢基座版本 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- chassis-serial-number： 查詢基座序號 (Serial Number)
- chassis-asset-tag： 查詢基座資產標籤
- CPU (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
- processor-family： 查詢 CPU 種類/系列
- processor-manufacturer： 查詢 CPU 製造商
- processor-version： 查詢 CPU 版本/速度
- processor-frequency： 查詢 CPU 處理時脈 (請尊重 weithenn 的辛勞!!)
參考
[dmidecode][FreeBSD Man Pages - dmidecode]
[dmidecode FreeBSD]
[Dmidecode - Linux Wiki]
Make a NanoBSD for GPT scheme on Freebsd9.0 RC1 + UEFI on VirtualBox
1. get freebsd 9.0 rc1, then install all srouce code
2. Install dmidecode ports on FreeBSD 9.0 RC1
Path : /usr/local/sbin/dmidecode
// ref to solve efi booting
// need to add product name from smibios, ex:VirtualBox
http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=12198
//must to format FAT32 on flash disk in order to access EFI system for montherboard boot up.
mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdc1
gpart create GPT /dev/ada0
build grub1.99 rc1
----------------------------------------------------
// 宣告一塊虛擬memory disk -> md0
#mdconfig -a -t vnode -f _.disk.image
// 將_.disk.image 掛載在/mnt
#mount /dev/md0a /mnt
// 卸載 md0
#mdconfig -d -u 0
---------------------------------------------------
// Make a cpio+gz image
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# mkdir /tmp/ramdisk; chmod 777 /tmp/ramdisk
# mount -t tmpfs -o size=256M tmpfs /tmp/ramdisk/
Read more: http://www.linuxscrew.com/2010/03/24/fastest-way-to-create-ramdisk-in-ubuntulinux/#ixzz1ciIwVOz3
2. Install dmidecode ports on FreeBSD 9.0 RC1
Path : /usr/local/sbin/dmidecode
- # cd /usr/ports/sysutils/dmicode/
- # make install clean
- # ./usr/loacl/sbin/dmidecode | grep Name
- Product Name : VirtualBox
3. Modify /usr/src/sys/amd64/amd64/machdep.c to add the string as follows
- strncmp(sysenv, "VirtualBox", 10) == 0 ||
4. Compile your kernel
- # cd /sys/amd64/conf
- # cp GENERIC NASBSD9
- # ee NASBSD9
- or put the file of NASBSD9 to /home/backup, and set soft link
- #cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf
- #ln -s /home/backup/NASBSD9
- To compile your kernel
- # cd /sys/amd64/conf
- # config NASBSD9
- # cd ../compile/NASBSD9
- # make depend
- # make
- # make install
- # reboot
- # uname -a
5. Installing GRUB2
- Create an EFI system partition
- On Ubuntu 11.10
- $ apt-get install gdisk ufsutils
- $ gdisk /dev/sdx
- EF00
- using 'gdisk' to partition an GPT format disk with an EFI system partition.
- $ mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdx1
- On FreeBSD 8/9
- # gpart create -s GPT /dev/adax
// ref to solve efi booting
// need to add product name from smibios, ex:VirtualBox
http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=12198
//must to format FAT32 on flash disk in order to access EFI system for montherboard boot up.
mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdc1
gpart create GPT /dev/ada0
build grub1.99 rc1
./configure LEX=/usr/local/bin/flex --with-platform=efi --target=x86_64
- LEX=/usr/local/bin/flex
- I installed the latest port (flex-2.5.35_4) from /usr/ports/textproc/flex
- cd /usr/ports/lang/gcc44
- make install
----------------------------------------------------
// 宣告一塊虛擬memory disk -> md0
#mdconfig -a -t vnode -f _.disk.image
// 將_.disk.image 掛載在/mnt
#mount /dev/md0a /mnt
// 卸載 md0
#mdconfig -d -u 0
---------------------------------------------------
// Make a cpio+gz image
$find . | cpio -ocvB | gzip > /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd/nanobsd.cpio.gz
解壓縮
$gzip -dc folder1.cpio.gz | cpio -idv
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# mkdir /tmp/ramdisk; chmod 777 /tmp/ramdisk
# mount -t tmpfs -o size=256M tmpfs /tmp/ramdisk/
Read more: http://www.linuxscrew.com/2010/03/24/fastest-way-to-create-ramdisk-in-ubuntulinux/#ixzz1ciIwVOz3
mount ufs on ubuntu
為了這個問題困擾了一段時間，終於嘗試成功了，筆記一下怎麼在 Ubuntu 上掛載 FreeBSD 格式的硬碟。
先確定 FreeBSD 分割區的代號：
irvin@irvin-desktop:~$ dmesg | grep 'bsd'
[ 5.736592] sdc1:
分別掛載每個分割區：
irvin@irvin-desktop:~$ sudo mount -r -t ufs -o ufstype=ufs2 /dev/sdc5 /mnt
irvin@irvin-desktop:~$ ls /mnt
bin compat entropy lib media patch root tmp
boot COPYRIGHT etc libexec mnt proc sbin usr
cdrom dev home lost+found openssl.patch rescue sys var
irvin@irvin-desktop:~$
很簡單的就成功了！
How to use mdconfig cmd on FreeBSD
// 宣告一塊虛擬memory disk -> md0
#mdconfig -a -t vnode -f _.disk.image
// 將_.disk.image 掛載在/mnt
#mount /dev/md0a /mnt
// 卸載 md0
#mdconfig -d -u 0
#mdconfig -a -t vnode -f _.disk.image
// 將_.disk.image 掛載在/mnt
#mount /dev/md0a /mnt
// 卸載 md0
#mdconfig -d -u 0
How to format with HFS+ file system
HFS+ partitions are used by macs.
If you want to format a hard drive with the HFS+ files ystem, you have first to install gparted:
Search for gparted in the Synaptic or type the following in your terminal:
If you want to format a hard drive with the HFS+ files ystem, you have first to install gparted:
Search for gparted in the Synaptic or type the following in your terminal:
sudo apt-get install gparted
Then install the “hfsprogs” package. Search in Synaptic or:
sudo apt-get install hfsprogs
Now you can use gparted in System->Administration->GParted
If you are not sure what to do now, then google “ubuntu gparted” or ask someone for help.
If you are not sure what to do now, then google “ubuntu gparted” or ask someone for help.
Quadruple system Windows 7, OSX Snow Leopard, Ubuntu Lucid and FreeBSD 8 on GPT with BURG (supports UEFI/Apple EFI/PCBIOS)
ref: http://code.google.com/p/burg/wiki/QuadBoot
 QuadBoot
Quadruple system Windows 7, OSX Snow Leopard, Ubuntu Lucid and FreeBSD 8 on GPT with BURG (supports UEFI/Apple EFI/PCBIOS)
Introduction
This guide shows how to install the four OS on GPT and boots with BURG. In preparation, you needs to have:
The following installation process requires to remove all partitions and create new disk layout, make sure to backup important data first !
UEFI
My test environment: HP ProBook 4510s
grub-install --force /dev/sda update-grub set prefix=(hd0,5)/boot/burg insmod normal normal
This would bring you to the normal burg menu, press 'c' to enter a console windows, and enter these commands:
#!/bin/sh exec tail -n +3 $0# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. menuentry "Boot Snow Leopard" --class macosx { set root=(hd0,4) multiboot /boot} menuentry "Boot Leopard" --class macosx { set root=(hd0,9) multiboot /boot} menuentry "Boot FreeBSD" --class freebsd { set root=(hd0,8) kfreebsd /boot/loader} menuentry "Reboot to EFI mode" { gptsync hd0 reboot} then use update-burg to update the configuration file. Mount the EFI partition and create burg directory:sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt sudo mkdir /mnt/EFI/burgDownload the latest burg-efi64 and burg-themes package from: http://code.google.com/p/burg/downloads/list, extract to /mnt/EFI/burg directory, and rename /mnt/EFI/burg/burg_uefi.cfg as /mnt/EFI/burg/burg.cfg.
sudo apt-get install efibootmgr Then use this to add a new EFI boot item for burg:sudo efibootmgr -v -c -L "BURG" -l "\\EFI\\burg\\burg64.efi"burg would be the default boot loader for EFI now, you don't need to use "Boot From UEFI File" to choose it.
newfs -O2 -U /dev/da4p8 mount /dev/sda8 /mnt Exit fixit shell. In Options, change install root from / to /mnt. Choose "Configure" and "Distribution" to install. Make sure you don't touch the "Fdisk" and "Disklabel" as they'd mess up the MBR. After it, reopen a fixit shell, cd to /mnt/boot, and rename GENERIC directory to kernel. You also need to create /mnt/etc/fstab as follows:/dev/ad4p7 none swap ew 0 0 /dev/ad4p8 / ufs rw 1 1
Apple EFI
My test environment: Mac Mini 3.1 (early 2009 version)
grub-install --force /dev/sda update-grub #!/bin/sh exec tail -n +3 $0# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. menuentry "Boot Windows" --class windows { set root=(hd0,2) chainloader +1 } menuentry "Boot FreeBSD" --class freebsd { set root=(hd0,8) kfreebsd /boot/loader} then use update-burg to update the configuration file.
gptsync hd0 2+ 3 4 reboot The advantage of BURG's gptsync is that you can choose which partition to mapped into MBR slots. For example, if you have a data partition at (hd0,10), you can use this to make it visible to Windows:gptsync hd0 2+ 3 10
burg-install --force /dev/sda update-burg set root=(hd0,6) kfreebsd /fbsd_install/kernel kfreebsd_module /fbsd_install/mfsroot.gz type=mfs_root kfreebsd_loadenv /fbsd_install/devices.hintset FreeBSD.vfs.root.mountfrom=ufs:/dev/md0 boot After that, install FreeBSD using similar method described in UEFI section. PCBIOS
Install in PCBIOS machine is a combination of the above methods, here are highlights:
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